2013年7月30日星期二

pressure plate application development

Pressure plate produced in the 1930s in the United States, in the early 1980s WISCO, Baosteel first introduction of painted steel production line, from the start will be made of color coated pressure plate used in industrial buildings, such as MasterCard plants, national cotton and oil processing, zone around the plant and so on. With pre-painted steel sheeting applied technology developed rapidly expanding range of applications, the amount is increasing.
In the 21st century, high-speed and stable development of China's national economy, but also from pre-painted steel plate into the general industrial buildings around the large public buildings such as airport terminals, train stations, stadiums, concert halls, theaters, the 2008 Olympic Games venues. Building roof, floor and walls with a more reasonable force and the connection plate-type, construction methods more scientific and more like a performance of galvanized sheet, aluminum-magnesium manganese oil expeller, titanium plate, stainless steel, etc. research and development, greatly improving the subtypes metal plate application technology.
In plate tectonics and standards, there has been undercut structure, fastening structure and fasteners hidden pressure plate connected to the second generation of such products; closed type Banlou the existing mature application; colleagues pressure plate coating plate (substrate) increases the aluminum plate, galvanized aluminum varieties, coated sheet increased partial polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) coating plates, high durability polyester coated plates (HDP), and other new products; relevant international "Continuous hot-dip zinc steel sheet and strip "," color coated steel sheet and strip "," steel construction quality acceptance "and another revision.

CNC corner molding machine features

Features: Door opening angle corners without welding, just in the machine as a whole Briquette machine, cutting to complete.
Standard corner radius of 4,6,8 mm, special angles using special tooling.
Lightweight molding process smooth, does not damage the plate surface coating, molding angle beautiful.
General Material Forming Height up to 10 to 15 times machine for pellets, the thicker materials easily stretched, forming height of 15 to 20 times the sheet thickness.
Process a variety of sheet metal, suitable for cabinet door, cover, distribution panels, lids, oven doors, cover, food plate processing

CNC corner molding machine

The traditional use of Food dehydrator steel, aluminum, stainless steel and other sheet metal processing door type parts, you need to cut corners first and then require folding, welding, grinding and other even need to work very labor-consuming, while noise and dust also seriously pollute the working environment and for processing personnel injury. If you use drawing dies, then the size of the door needs to be fixed, the different sizes oil equipment, require different sized molds. In view of this situation, the company has developed a specially machined door corner molding machines. The angular molding machine, sheet without opening angle, simply pre-bending sheet edges, and the angle formed a bell shape, and then to the corner molding machine for processing. And the size of the door can be arbitrarily changed.

h beam automatic assembly machine equipment components

H-beam assembling machine for T-, H-type and other sections and variable cross-section structural steel welding assembly, oil expeller, enter the raceway, the output roller, hydraulic system and electrical control system, automatic spot welding, etc., completion of the components can be continuously fed, locating and clamping, tack welding, the material and other activities.
Assembling Machine Host: Host frame, door frame, wing pair agencies, web agencies on the left frame, the right frame, main drive motor, speed reducer and its control mechanism.
Enter the raceway: Active raceway, machine for pellets, rod institutions.
Output Raceway: Active raceway, passive raceway.
Hydraulic system: hydraulic pump station, hydraulic cylinders, high pressure hose and so on.
Electrical control system: electrical cabinets, control boxes, AC inverters.

Automatic h beam assembly machine Features

ZX15-type H-beam automatic assembly machine is a set of steel production equipment, because assembly of high precision, fast, machine for pellets, has large quantities widely used in steel production.
Host web of the clamping flange respectively synchronized action linkage, flange on the web each comprise two clamping devices, respectively, driven by hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic cylinders push the rack drive gear, the gear drive and the other transmission (chain sprocket), and finally through the screw-nut into linear motion, synchronized on both sides sliding wing web pinch wheel, to complete the clamping flange on the web. Briquette machine web driven hydraulic cylinder, not only the larger power, and increased the flexibility of the clamping flange webs, the width of the flaps or other reasons because of irregular cutting, and cause the web to take a long weld thickness changes, you can automatically retractable avoid affecting the workpiece through.

Strengthen the quality of team building

Oil sector can be professional technical team to build, through systematic training and correspondence with the industry and other forms of communication, to improve machine for pellets operating professional quality, scientific approach to the management of the implementation of the use of machinery. It also can organize itself through the unit's technical quality education, in order to concentrate or in batches segmented job training, periodic testing and other forms of technical management operations personnel for technical and professional training. Establish a strict reward and punishment, for the timely processing and troubleshooting personnel appropriate material oil processing reward, to irresponsible cause mechanical failure exacerbation of relevant personnel, education or substances do criticize penalties management tool. Second, should pay attention to the introduction of talent, increase the effective strength of technical maintenance, and effectively enhance operational level, to achieve the security of low efficiency of drilling machinery running.

To establish supervision system analysis

Mechanical failure of management should be improved from the source, we must first establish a strict quality selection of drilling machinery accessories oversight mechanisms exist on Food dehydrator, irrational parts, strict quality control, so that it will never be able to enter the selection range, Second, supervisors should also do a technical review after the purchase, if it is found defective procurement oversight purchase accessories, oil equipment the drilling site, to ensure the quality of machinery and equipment essential components to make it play its due in drilling performance .

oil drilling equipment management measures

Establishment and maintenance system
In the course of equipment maintenance, equipment failure exists for feature analysis necessary for the establishment and Oil processing system has a role in the whole process only by strengthening the monitoring equipment, to better improve the repair and maintenance of drilling equipment, to provide a solid run for its good assurance, and thus the introduction of pms systems become mandatory mechanical reasonable care initiatives. Another unpredictable nature of the machinery in the production run for the drilling process, the possible failure issues well in advance of the technical preparations and machine for pellets preparation, so that the machinery in the face of failure to quickly solve problems, not to delay the exploitation duration, but also the construction personnel should pay attention to strengthening the mechanical operation processing measures.

oil drilling equipment emergency repair measures analysis

Reached in the case of field maintenance should also have trouble filling in a flexible drilling machinery repair, because the repair method of exploration and innovation, you can quickly get rid oil expeller due to mechanical failure caused by reduced mining schedule delays. Maintenance of existing materials and accessories based on the difficulty? This fully requires the maintenance personnel on-site maintenance emergency measures play. Emergency repairs are usually field divided into three parts, one is through the use of welding and machining method of grinding method of repairing parts, and the other is through the use of intact components or machine for pellets the same performance, for replacement and repair of damaged parts of substituting alternative method, this method can not only save money with emergency repairs, and be able to do the full utilization of idle resources. The third method is the direct cause of the failure will be damaged and discarded parts and components, and then run the circuits or mechanical piping make connections, to ensure drilling work fast recovery operations, this method is basically the implementation of the first two methods difficulty arises, will choose.

oil drilling equipment failure analysis preventive measures

In equipment failure prevention, should pay attention to mechanical wear problems and maintenance issues for a reasonable lubrication maintenance measures, in large part because of wear and tear as the main reason for mechanical failure, thus preventing failure of petroleum machinery zero Oil machine worn component begins its main means of prevention, in the choice of when to remove material mechanical considerations should also ensure that manufacturing process technology and mechanical structure of rationality Also in machinery lubrication conservation must ensure periodic lubrication careful handling, to ensure that the various parts of construction machinery good articulation between the tightness and fit, followed by lubrication of the mechanical work for the control of temperature and have a good working intermittently coordination, it can work from the fundamental guarantee for the mechanical and wear a reasonable time reduction, but also prevents debris into oil refinery inside a dirty, good protection of the normal useful life of machinery and work efficiency. Another mechanical lubrication, the lubrication of blindness is not the increase in the number or amount of the lubricant increases, can maintain prevent mechanical failure occurs. It should be from the seasonal weather and mechanical models constructed jointly considered for lubricant selection, oh la story must also ensure the quality of the lubricant, can not appear arbitrary choice shoddy lubricant or lubricant that does not match the mechanical lubrication .

Food Dehydrator History

People use dry naturally in the food of the water separated. The original purpose of doing so is to preserve food for a long time, but later found that some foods made of dry taste better.
In 1960, the United States was born first home food dehydrator drum. Initially, this machine is Oil processing, it can not be produced by dust adhering dried fruit, more convenient and hygienic.
In 1968, it was discovered that the cylindrical dryer show some disadvantages. No wind down the structure so that the temperature of uneven distribution, the lower to the upper rear of the water evaporates easily condenses into water droplets dripping, affecting the efficiency of the machine, food uneven degree of dehydration, machine for pellets.
In 1973, Mr. Orton for the food dehydrator invented the horizontal airflow drying system (Parallexx? Horizontal-Airflow Drying System), and the launch of a brand called Excalibur square water
Dehydration flat structure of the machine. This technique solves the problem cylinder dryer.
In 1980, this new-fangled technology with Excalibur dehydrator to become the White House Houchu appliances, 10 Downing Street where the British Prime Minister, but also for the kitchen is equipped with this new technology machines.
1999, because this level of dehydration technology Excalibur card machine was Dominican Republic leaders, President of Costa Rica, Nicaragua leader to buy home.
Undoubtedly, this is a horizontal airflow drying technology dewatering machine recognition.

thermal drive oil

Heat oil flooding include steam injection (steam stimulation and steam flooding two processes), burning oil and thermochemical oil. Note the use of steam and burning oil are heated by the heat reservoir and the fluid in the reservoir to reduce the viscosity of crude oil to reduce oil flow resistance. The difference is on the ground steam generator to produce steam, oil pipelines and through the ground into the reservoir, and the heat of burning Food dehydrator formation is in the internally generated. This is based on how and where to generate heat and distinction.
?Steam flooding (water flooding) steam flooding is the steam from the injection well into the reservoir, and the steam will push heavy thinning oil production wells as a method by reducing the viscosity of crude oil, thermal expansion, steam distillation, steam drive and the relative permeability and wettability changes to improve oil recovery. Steam flooding biggest problem is steam overlay and early breakthrough, the injected steam and crude oil increases the density difference between the fluids heterogeneity, especially seepage heterogeneity, resulting steam swept volume is small, making steam flooding of oil equipment efficiency receives an impact.
?ISC ISC method by injection of air in contact with the formation of crude oil, the use of artificial bottom spontaneous ignition or oil after ignition, the combustion of heavy oil portion of the oil layer, the heat generated in order to reduce oil viscosity, oil volume expansion, thereby driving formation oil EOR. Flooding with different steam injection, in situ combustion oil internally generated heat.

miscible oil

Miscible displacement in porous media is, a fluid displacing another fluid, due to take place between the two phases diffusion, mass effect, so that the two fluids can dissolve each other without the presence of the interface.
Oil processing agent for the mechanism and the flooding agent in the formation of mixed phase under reservoir conditions, eliminating the interface, the capillary number becomes infinite potential, while the capillary force in porous media drops to zero, thereby reducing the due
Capillary effect in the capillary retention of oil traps, in theory, can make microscopic displacement efficiency of 100%. Due to the formation fracture pressure and other conditions, miscible displacement applies only oAPI severe relatively high light oil reservoirs, while the shallow,machine for pellets, dense layer, high-permeability layers, carbonate layers, have applications in sandstone experience, summed up, CO2 miscible flooding effect on poor water ① low permeability reservoir; ② completely depleted water drive sandstone reservoirs; ③ close to the limits of the economic exploitation of the deep, light oil reservoirs; ④ use gravity stable miscible CO2 mining of salt dome reservoir flooding mining is of great significance.

oil gas injection

Gas drive oil refinery technology is mainly miscible and partially miscible flooding. Miscible displacement is an important method of enhanced oil recovery, one of its basic mechanism is flooding agent miscible gas injection and the displacement of formation oil at reservoir conditions to form mixed phase, eliminating the interface, the porous medium capillary force drops to zero, thereby reducing the capillary retention due to the capillary effect produces petroleum traps, in principle, can make microscopic oil displacement efficiency of 100%. In fact, the heterogeneity of the formation permeability stratification, mobility ratio unfavorable, gravity tongue forward, viscous fingering and other factors, oil recovery is less than 100%, but under suitable conditions its recovery generally higher than waterflood recovery factor is high. So far, the oil can be used to gas miscible with hydrocarbon gases and non-hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbon gases are dry gas, oil expeller, rich gas and liquefied petroleum gas, non-hydrocarbon gases are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, flue gas. Gas miscible flooding their mixed camera processing can be divided into first contact miscible (direct contact with the mixed phase), multi-level contacts miscible flooding (dynamic mixed phase), near miscible flooding (condensing / vaporizing gas drive), in accordance with the injected gas type classified as follows: LPG slug, carbon dioxide flooding, nitrogen flooding (flue gas drive), dry gas drive, the rich gas drive.

biopolymers

 Microorganisms in the area of ?high permeability reservoir growth, reproduction and production of polymers, so that it can be selectively blocked large pore, increasing the sweep coefficient and reduce oil expeller ratio. Increasing water in the water flooding in the viscosity, reduce the mobility of the water phase, reducing the fingering and premature flooding, improve sweep efficiency, increasing sweep efficiency. Resulting in the formation of biopolymers, in a high permeability zone control flow ratio, adjust the water reservoir water profile, increasing the sweep area, increase recovery. Pellet mill water flooding into the reservoir, the growth and reproduction of bacteria and metabolic products with the metal to form a precipitate, having a high water blocking effect, blocking rate can reach 99% (pure cell plugging effect can only be up to 25%). This heterogeneous reservoir of water shutoff economy better, can increase oil production and recovery, as sealing off the hypertonic
Transparent strips, also helps to reduce water injection.

microbes can change the flooding environment

(1) biosurfactants. Microbial activity agent component mainly palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid and Food dehydrator, it will reduce pressure on oil-water interface, reducing the capillary force of water flooding, improve flooding capillary number. Meanwhile biosurfactants will change reservoir rock wettability from hydrophilic lipophilic become so absorbed on the surface of the oil slick off the rock, reservoir residual oil saturation decreased, thereby increasing oil recovery. (2) bio-gas. Most microorganisms in the metabolic process will produce gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, etc. These gases are part of the pressurized oil to the oil and reduce viscosity, improve oil flow capacity. Dissolution of carbonate rocks, increasing penetration of the oil expansion four volume increases, help drive out of oil equipment, to increase production. Sensitizing effect while the false bubble will increase the flow resistance, improve water waves and volume injected. (3) acids and organic solvents. Acid is mainly produced by microorganisms is a relatively low molecular weight organic acids (formic acid, propionic acid), there are some inorganic acids (sulfuric acid), which can dissolve carbonates, on the one hand to increase the porosity and improve the permeability; hand, release carbon dioxide improve reservoir pressure and reduce oil viscosity, improve oil flow capacity. Alcohols produced, organic esters and other organic solvents may change the surface properties of rock physical properties and oil, the adsorption on the porous rock surface oil is released and taken out of the ground easily. At the same time, also generate two unknown microorganism alcohols, these are micro-organisms during the fermentation metabolites oil, which help to improve the oil viscosity, similar to mild acidification, rock porosity increases, thereby improving oil production.

microbial enhanced oil recovery

Microbial enhanced oil recovery technology is a high-tech way to improve oil recovery technologies, including not only the growth of microorganisms in the reservoir in reproduction and metabolism biochemical processes, but also microbial cells, microbial nutrient solution, microbial metabolites in the reservoir The migration as well as rock, oil processing, gas, water, caused by the interaction of the rock, oil, gas, water, physical properties change. Microorganisms can change the composition of crude oil, making it into a low viscosity petroleum oil microorganism n-alkanes as the carbon source and the growth and reproduction, thereby changing a carbon chain composition of crude oil. Microbial aging, changing the physical properties of paraffin base crude oil, liquid or solid phase affects the balance of oil, paraffin base oil reduces the critical temperature and pressure of $ microorganisms can greatly reduce the increase of the reservoir, machine for pellets, and equipment surfaces in oil wax temperature and pressure release of the microbial growth $
The enzyme can degrade crude oil, the crude carbon strand breaks (carbon chain carbon chain of crude oil becomes so heavy reduction, light components increases, freezing point and viscosity can be reduced, not only to improve the crude oil in the reservoir mobility, but will also improve the quality of crude oil.

ASP flooding mechanism

ASP flooding is added to the water by injecting ~ quantitative surfactants, alkali and high molecular weight polymers, a significant reduction in interfacial tension, increasing the viscosity of injected water, thereby reducing the Oil processing mobility ratio, expand the reservoir macro-and micro-swept volume, further flooding waterflood residual oil, a significant reduction in residual oil saturation, improve oil displacement efficiency and oil recovery. The lower the interfacial tension, reduce the magnitude of residual Briquette machine greater efficiency and enhancing oil recovery, the greater the amplitude. Foam flooding mechanism 'foam flooding in ASP flooding developed on the basis of an enhanced oil recovery method, which is injected into the water by adding a certain amount of a surfactant, alkali, high relative points in the quality of the polymer and gas. It is compared with the ASP flooding can not only improve oil displacement efficiency. Swept volume can be further expanded to increase recovery.

2013年7月28日星期日

Polymer flooding mechanism

Polymer flooding is done by injecting water by adding a certain amount of high molecular weight polyacrylamide, increasing the viscosity of water injection to improve Food dehydrator mobility ratio. Injected polymer solution has a high viscosity and by the oil after high residual resistance factor having a viscoelastic effect and so on. The higher the viscosity,
Residual resistance factor greater degree of displacement relative to the smaller streams, flooding phase is the phase displacement mobility ratio is smaller, expanded polymer flooding reservoir sweep efficiency of macro-and micro-greater role, harvesting rate increased the higher the value. Surfactant flooding mechanism surfactant flooding is done by injecting water and adding a certain amount of a surfactant to reduce interfacial tension, thereby displacing waterflood residual oil, to further reduce the residual oil equipment, improve oil displacement efficiency. The lower the interfacial tension, reduce the magnitude of residual oil saturation greater. Enhancing oil recovery efficiency and greater magnitude.

microbial enhanced oil recovery

After years of development, micro wax and reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, microbial selective plugging strata,oil equipment, microbial enhanced flooding have become mature EOR technology. Microbial flooding has become the conventional thermal recovery, chemical flooding, gas injection EOR after the fourth category approach. Microbial enhanced Oil processing technology has three main directions, one microbial waterflood efficiency, two are active microbial flooding reservoirs, three microbial profile control flooding.

oil gas injection

In other countries, carbon dioxide injection technology is mainly used for the late high water reservoir, heterogeneous reservoir and is not suitable for thermal recovery of heavy oil expeller. Promotion of carbon dioxide flooding the major constraints is a natural resource of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide to the conveying onrush production wells and wells machine for pellets corrosion problems, safety and environmental issues. To solve the above problem, a carbon dioxide injection for enhanced oil recovery technology, which is injected into the formation reaction solution under reservoir conditions make adequate response to release carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide dissolved in the crude oil among the lower oil viscosity, so as to achieve the purpose of enhanced oil recovery.

thermal drive oil

Currently steam stimulation and steam flooding has become the main method of heavy oil. Briquette machine in the country mainly from Liaohe, Xinjiang, Shengli, Henan, four oil fields. In recent years, the emergence of a new thermal method, known as geothermal energy extraction industry. Is the use of geothermal oil rich geothermal resources to the development of deep high-temperature fluids (oil, gas, water and mixtures thereof) will be a lot of heat into the shallow reservoir, lower crude oil refinery, improve oil flow capacity. This method is based on the energy conservation efforts, have become increasingly prominent contradiction between supply and demand of oil resources, international oil prices continued to rise in a situation to develop.

chemical flooding EOR

Since the 1980s, the U.S. chemical flooding peaked after nearly 20 years, the use of chemical flooding in the United States less and less, but in China has been successfully applied. Briquette machine flooding technology has been representing the world's advanced level. China polymer flooding technology in 1996 to form industrial application. "Fifth" period Daqing Oilfield formed a benzene sulfonate-based agent of the "base + polymer + surfactant" compound flooding technology, Shengli Oilfield forming "polymer + surfactant" alkali-free compound flooding technology. At present, carry out the "base + polymer + surfactant + gas" bubble flooding laboratory study and field trials. Chemical flooding currently exist three different research directions. First, to improve the water mobility ratio departure, except that crude oil expeller reduction, the appropriate approach is to increase the viscosity of displacing agent, reducing its mobility, application of this principle has developed a polymer solution, foam fluid, flooding method. Secondly, to improve the capabilities and EOR washing wet rocks without profit departure, the development of active water flooding
France. Thirdly, that is between the first two between the chemical flooding method, called alkaline water flooding, the use of alkaline water and crude oil in situ formation of the active ingredients to improve wetting agent or in-situ emulsification of crude oil.

EOR development skills

Before the 1940s, oil field development relies mainly on natural energy consumption mining, the general recovery of only 5% -10%, we are called primary recovery. It reflects the development of oilfields in the early low level of technology, so that about 90% of proven oil reserves left in the ground was abandoned. With the development of percolation theory, Food dehydrator applies to oilfield development. It is recognized that oil production is proportional to the pressure gradient between a low oil recovery is a major factor in the failure of energy reservoirs, which made the artificial recharge (gas), maintaining reservoir pressure of secondary recovery methods to make oil recovery to 30% -40%. This is by far the world's major oil fields development methods, field development is technically a big leap. However, secondary recovery still 60% -70% of oil left to stay underground. To this end, domestic and foreign oil workers, a lot of research work, and gradually realize the secondary oil refinery efficiency constraints of reason, which made the new EOR methods. Theory and field tests are described, tertiary oil recovery efficiency can be greatly improved. But generally speaking, the world is still in the EOR pilot study stage, has yet to enter the large-scale industrial applications. The main reason, one tertiary oil recovery mechanism is very complex, involving multi-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary; another very important reason is the high investment and risks. Today, the development of our attention and tertiary oil recovery technology, can greatly increase the contrast a variety of methods recoverable reserves determined

EOR development technology

EOR is a leap forward in technology oilfield development. Compared with the secondary oil processing, it means the physical and chemical dual role of enhancing oil swept volume and efficiency. After nearly 20 years of research and practice, China's chemical flooding in technology, size, effects, etc. have been walking in the forefront of the world. Through nearly 30 mines testing and promotion that polymer flooding can increase oil expeller of 10%, flooding can increase oil recovery of 15% -20%. In 1997, China increased polymer flooding oil reached 303 × 104t, expected "during the" will increase oil 1500 × 104t. China's oil fields are mostly terrestrial sedimentary and continental source, secondary recovery predicted average recovery was 34.2%, nearly one hundred million tons reserves left in the ground. The conditions for China's EOR offers tremendous potential. In the future, China's EOR flooding mechanism to deepen the understanding of the reservoir, reducing the cost and amount of EOR, the initial depth profile and improve the overall economic benefits of the project and other aspects of strengthening research, to maximize harvest rate and economic benefits.

EOR is to fully exploit oil resources important way

EOR is to fully exploit oil resources important way, although many EOR methods and research in this area has made great breakthroughs, but in addition to other outside flooding polymer Food dehydrator is still in the basic research and pilot testing stage, particularly Now the case is not high oil prices should also realize large-scale industrialization. Meanwhile various EOR oil displacement method has different applicable conditions required depending on the oil reservoir situation? Crude oil expeller? Stratigraphic position? Salt type and content? Economic factors such as rational choice and adequately tested. Currently, chemical EOR methods flooding EOR either amplitude or reduce costs has great potential for development, thus improving oil recovery chemical flooding EOR technology is still in the future the main direction of the pilot study.

ASP flooding system Research In Motion

For ASP flooding system, Mechanistic studies show: Surfactant? Alkali and polymer combination flooding best; alkali and oil processing polymer can improve the interfacial tension, and the surfactant and the presence of alkali can be The viscosity enhancing polymer; three components at low concentrations matched the most, which can enhance the overall effect. Recipe experiments show that: in the flooding system by adding alcohols, petroleum sulfonate in reducing losses during flooding, but the formation of the chromatographic separation effect to the loss of oil recovery capacity; lignin as a sacrificial agent in the drive oil expeller by adding urea? hexametaphosphate salt can enhance the adsorption capacity and reduce losses Na2CO3 and NaOH alkali such as NaOH agents can replace, reduce alkali consumption, enhanced oil recovery; polymer PAA (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) Using the most, compared with the PAA biological xanthan gum thickener? salt? heat resistance and resistance to shear force capacity is better, but the cost is high, anti-poor biodegradability. ASP flooding, while having many advantages, the development of great potential, but in synergy? Flooding mechanism? Complex rules? Choose the right agent? Reduce costs and other issues still need further study.

Biosurfactants

Biosurfactants are biological cells and metabolic substances out of the sexes, with no synthetic surfactants are the structural features and Briquette machine, and because it is through the fermentation of low cost, easy degradation, environmental pollution, so it can form a potential flooding system has been quickly developed. Biosurfactant according to their hydrophilic groups which are divided into five categories: sugar-based hydrophilic lipid biosurfactant; with low shrinkage hydrophilic acyl amino acid-based reduction biosurfactant; to phosphoric acid group is a hydrophilic group based biosurfactant phospholipids; with carboxylic acid groups of the fatty acid-based biological hydrophilic surfactant; binding polysaccharide? protein and fat biosurfactant polymer. Biological surfactants are generally present in plants, animals and microorganisms secretions? Excrement and rotting their product. 3 twin twin surfactant is a class of surfactants with two hydrophobic chains? Two ionic groups, and a bridging group of the special structure of the compounds, similar to the two conventional surfactants linked together by oil expeller, bridging group which is a flexible group of common, a double oxide or a long chain alcohol and hydrocarbon type, such as the structure and the like. Anionic surface active agent is divided into twin? Three types of cationic and non-ionic, anionic oxygen bridged by double long-chain alcohol compound or a reaction connections, cationic connected through the hydrocarbon. Twins surfactant is characterized not only has a high surface activity, but also has very low Krafft point and good solubility in water, it is difficult to compare with conventional surfactants, and therefore aroused great concern.

2013年7月26日星期五

Christmas Tree

Christmas Tree is flowing well and apheresis wells used to extract oil wellhead. It is mainly used for hanging tubing string into the well, seal oil casing annular space, Food dehydrator and regulate oil production, to ensure operation, construction, taking oil casing pressure data, testing and cleaning wax and other daily production management. Has the following main functions: (1) supporting the well tubing hanging all the weight of the tubing string. (2) sealing the tubing, the annular space between the casing. (3) control and regulate the production of oil. (4) ensure that all underground operations. (5) can be admitted to oil pressure, casing pressure data and manometry, wax and other daily production management. Also known as the Christmas tree. In the oil (gas) test after completion of oil and oil expeller, or when a flowing wells and oil wells apheresis when a wellhead control devices. It consists of tubing hanger and the many gates and three-or four-component, directly mounted on the casing head. Only one side of the tubing christmas tree, christmas tree, said wing; flowlines on both sides, said wings christmas tree. Christmas tree with glib (choke mouth), by replacing the different diameter nozzle to control the oil and gas production.

Exploitation of oil and gas engineering measures

For oil and gas exploration and production concentration, processing, transshipment, Food dehydrator and Sinotrans engineering facilities include: 1. Equipped with gas collection, processing, metering and power and compression equipment platform; 2. Storage facilities, including offshore oil reservoir , storage tanks and storage vessels; 3. submarine oil and oil expeller; 4. petroleum wharf Sinotrans, including single-point mooring system and conventional offshore jetty (there are two kinds of fixed and floating).

Offshore drilling for oil and gas exploration

Offshore drilling for oil and gas production wells and mining engineering measures mainly the following. An artificial island, and more for inshore shallow water, more economical. (2) Fixed mining oil and Pellet mill in the form of a pile platforms (such as jacket platform), Sarasota platforms, gravity platforms (reinforced concrete gravity platform, reinforced concrete structure mixed gravity platform). 3 floating mining oil and gas platforms in the form of migration can be classified into platform (also known as the movable platform), such as jack-up rigs, semi-submersible platform and boat platform (ie drilling rigs); does not migrate floating platform, such as Briquette machine platform, articulated platform. 4 subsea devices: drill subsea wellhead approach will wellhead installed on the seabed, mining of oil and gas by pipeline directly to the onshore oil and gas facilities or enter the submarine set.

Undersea oil extraction process

Seabed mining process involves the drilling of oil production wells,
 Briquette machine and gas mining, concentration, processing, storage and transportation and other sectors. Offshore oil production and oil production on land requirement is different offshore oil and gas production equipment, small size, machine for pellets, high degree of automation, centralized compact layout. A full sea-style production processing system comprising: oil and gas metering, gas separation and stability, crude oil and natural gas purification, light oil recovery, wastewater treatment, water injection and gas injection systems, mechanical oil, natural gas compression, flare systems, oil storage and external transportation systems.

How oil

Substantially similar to terrestrial and machine for pellets, submarine underwater case is more complicated to
Production of offshore oil exploration and extraction process is generally divided into two stages. Principles and methods of offshore exploration and exploration on land is basically the same, but also points the survey and exploration of two steps. Method is based on geophysical exploration and drilling exploration method based method, and its task is to construct proved oil and gas reservoirs, oil area and Reserves. Census is to start from the Geological Survey research, mainly through seismic, oil expeller and magnetic survey method to find oil and gas structures. Based on the census, using geophysical analysis to understand the distribution seabed underground rock, geological structure type, hydrocarbon traps, and thereby determine the exploration wells wells. Then, using the drilling exploration method to obtain geological data, analysis and evaluation to determine the geological structure whether oil, oil content and production value.

Oil Measurement

Xinjiang Oilfield Branch Newport jobs heavy winter station area metering station equipment, oil equipment and personnel are using depressurized heating temperature steam, a metering station about every steam for heating 7t, 1 heating period the company 150 metering station heating consumes nearly 10 × 10 ^ 2t steam; way the company is mainly crude oil processing flooding and cyclic steam stimulation-based thermal recovery, oil production fluid temperature is higher, how to use oil production fluid thermal energy station area equipment, personnel heating, reducing the amount of non-production of steam, improve the effective injection wells amount is significant. To this end, the company produced fluid temperature higher oil metering station for heating fluid production wells preliminary test, after the success of a comprehensive application, to achieve the desired results and objectives, to achieve energy saving and emission reduction.

Production Engineering

China's current and future will face permeability, heavy oil reservoirs and other difficult to develop ultra-high water cut stage reservoir, as well as a range of sea and desert oilfield exploitation issues. With the increase in oil expeller more difficult and technically demanding higher and higher, you must use modern scientific technology to transform traditional mining technology to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
A solution process of Briquette machine technical problems, mechanical, chemical and physical and other various methods, which will involve the choice of technology and methods, and even integrated application problems.
In summary, production engineering is characterized by: the status of the entire mining process is very important; problems more difficult, involving a wide range; integrated intensity and targeted; various engineering and technical measures the relative strong independence.

Oil Overview

Production engineering is the process of oil exploration targets under development through the production and Food dehydrator wells for reservoir engineering and technical measures taken by the general term. As a comprehensive application of discipline, it is the study of cost-effectively act on the reservoir to increase oil processing and oil recovery measures in the various engineering theory, engineering design methods and implementation technologies.
Production Engineering's mission is to act on the reservoir through a series of engineering and technical measures to make oil and gas flow freely to wells, wells efficiently be lifted to the ground for separation and measurement; Its goal is to improve the well and cost-effectively oil recovery.
From the viewpoint of system engineering, production engineering is oil exploitation large systems at the center of an important subsystem, reservoir engineering and field gas gathering and transportation engineering are closely linked.
Production Engineering face is different geological conditions and the changing dynamics of various types of reservoirs, and only under the conditions and dynamics of reservoir geology, the right to choose and implement technically feasible and economically reasonable engineering solution in order to obtain good economic results. To do this, they must master a variety of engineering and technical measures to the basic principles of computing and engineering design method, based on a comprehensive comparative analysis.

Donut machine features

A: Stainless steel shell, aluminum model, with a high conductivity, quick heating, more energy efficient, automatic temperature control function, has a special Teflon oil equipment coating, easy to operate.
Two: highly conductive cast iron plates heat evenly distributed within 3-5 minutes thereby providing a golden crispy donuts.
Three: Removable drip tray around the bottom will collect any excess batter, making it easy to clean. Sided heating, heat more evenly, machine for pellets, make product color uniformity, better quality, one-time molding 5, as well as timed reminder function, the operation more simple and convenient.

Food Dryer Equipment

Food drying machine, also known as mesh belt dryer, it is the material to be processed through the appropriate agency shop materials, such as star distributor, oil processing, crusher or granulator, located on the conveyor belt, conveyor belt through one or several heating unit comprised of channels, each heating unit equipped with an air heating and circulation system, each channel has one or several humidity system, through the conveyor belt, the hot air from the top down or from the bottom up through the material on the conveyor belt, so that the material can be uniformly dry. Dry food is the use of steel as a transmission belt carrying materials for continuous drying drying equipment, the most suitable assembly line. As the transmission belt is mesh, so the drying various regular or irregular lumps (such as: coal, all kinds of slag forming fast, food, vegetables, etc.) is most appropriate. The unit can and other equipments. Can also be used alone. The device can be widely used in metallurgy, building materials, Pellet mill, fertilizers, chemicals and other industries, and the food and vegetable food dryer is ideal for drying processing equipment.
Food microwave dryer is a dryer equipment, but also in recent years with a very wide range of microwave equipment. Food microwave drying machine as a new environmental protection equipment, the use of electricity as an energy source, not only to optimize production efficiency, reduce production costs, but also to improve the working environment workshop is now enterprise equipment upgrades and the best choice for new production lines .

2013年7月25日星期四

Oil and modified products lignosulfonate

Lignin is the only way to provide renewable natural aromatic compounds of non-petroleum resources. It mainly comes from the black liquor recovery. To alkaline papermaking get is alkaline Food dehydrator, sulfite method to get the paper is lignin sulfonate. Lignin molecular structure is very complex, but constitute lignin points
The basic unit is a sub-phenylpropyl group. In addition, lignin molecules containing aromatic rings? Phenolic hydroxyl? Carboxyl? Carbonyl group such as a functional group reactive ability, can be further modified in order to widen the application fields. Lignosulfonate strong hydrophilicity, but the lack of oil equipment lipophilic and thus ineffective alone, but a rich source of inexpensive, become the focus of research carried out modification. Modification of lignin mainly focused on increasing lipophilic group, including alkylation of alkali lignin, sodium and potassium permanganate and then oxidized high, and the use of etherified or substitution reaction on wood lignosulfonates been introduced into the molecular hydrocarbon modified products.

EOR oil carboxylate Preparation

Carboxylate by petroleum oil fractions by high temperature oxidation, and then by saponification? Extraction of the product obtained. It belongs to the oxidative cleavage product saturated hydrocarbon complex composition mainly containing an alkyl carboxylate salts and aryl carboxylate salts. Production of oil carboxylate main raw material for regular oil expeller and second-line fraction to vapor phase or liquid phase oxidation oxide production. Vapor phase oxidation process with oxygen in the air as oxidant at 325 ℃, oleic acid cadmium oxide as a catalyst, the oxygen / hydrocarbon ratio of 2.20, the water / hydrocarbon ratio of 25 to 50. After the reaction product was saponified with NaOH to remove the oil phase, to obtain petroleum products carboxylate, effective content was 10%. Liquid phase oxidation in the vapor phase oxidation process is a process based on a new method developed by liquid oxidizing agent to conduct the reaction at 180 ℃, the machine for pellets of carboxylate may be raised to 20%. Oil is an important carboxylate cosurfactant, together with synthetic alkylbenzene sulfonates, can increase the stability of the surfactant system? Dilution resistance and compatibility with a base.

Preparation of alkyl benzene sulfonate EOR

Synthetic sulphonates include alkyl benzene sulfonates? Alkyl sulfonates? Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate, etc., wherein the alkyl group having a carbon number of C14 ~ C16 alkylbenzene sulfonic acid weight Salt can be used with the majority of our crude Oil processing  ultra-low interfacial tension system, which has become an important surfactant flooding. Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate production methods based on different raw materials are mainly three kinds, as described below: (1) dodecylbenzene production method. This method is the main raw material in the production process oil expeller production accounts for about 10% of alkylbenzenes. Dodecylbenzene heavy alkylbenzene with different production methods, composition and structure are very different. (2) UOP method. The method is based on kerosene as raw material, through hydrogenation of unsaturated materials removed, and dehydrogenation into α-olefin, and then with benzene alkylation of benzene production process, is currently the more popular methods. Dodecylbenzene using this method obtained when producing heavy alkylbenzene, alkyl having a carbon number in the C14, mainly around ingredient C17, is a straight-chain alkyl-based alkyl compound, as well as some polyalkyl ? alkyl benzene and alkyl benzene rings connected with an alkyl compounds. (3) wax lysis. With wax cracking as the alkylating agent, and benzene in the catalyst, after Fourier AlCl3 catalyzed reaction alkylbenzenes having a molecular weight than kerosene obtained product as a raw material is high, an alkyl group having a carbon number in the C15 ~ C20, C17 which ~ C19 as a main component.

Sulfonated crude sulfonation method and the two-step method

(1) white oil production by-products method. In the production of white oil refining using sulfonation process, removal of aromatic hydrocarbons in the feedstock oil and other active ingredients, is the main product is a mineral oil and Food dehydrator, in the water phase is mainly petroleum sulfonate. Such petroleum sulfonate average relative molecular mass between 400 and 580 for over sulfonate. Flooding EOR used as a surfactant required, the need for a certain degree of modification. (2) crude sulfonation. Generally having a boiling point of 210 ~ 500 ℃ reduction in second distillate as a raw material, the direct use of sulfur trioxide or fuming sulfuric acid sulfonation, and then the obtained alkali alkyl aryl sulphonates. The method of using the raw oil refining production petroleum sulfonate, its treatment process for the heavy - Distillation - hydrogenation - furfural refining - sulfonated - and in other procedures. The petroleum sulfonate prepared sulfonated crude product performance with different nature are machine for pellets. High aromatic content naphthenic crude oil, petroleum sulfonate production byproducts less easy to obtain with the formation of ultra-low interfacial tension of oil products; while paraffin base crude oil aromatics content, the production of by-products of petroleum sulfonate up to 60% , high production costs, in terms of economic and process by-products is limited. (3) two-step sulfonation. First, the Act of crude oil in the catalyst reacts with SO2 and Cl2, the crude oil alkane sulfonyl chloride generated, then SO3 sulfonation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the crude oil to generate sulfonated aryl sulfonates, obtained by NaOH. alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates. Advantage is that the entire fraction can generate oil sulfonates, sulfonated integrated conversion rate of 70% or more, reducing by-products, reducing costs. Petroleum sulfonates prepared above three method of standard products concentrate active matter content is generally 60% to 63%, about 35% of saturated hydrocarbons, about 2% to 5% moisture content. But it can be made up to 80% active matter content, and as 30% of the products used directly.

Preparation of EOR petroleum sulfonate

Petroleum sulfonate is a crude oil or fractions rich sulfonated aromatic product obtained aromatic compounds whose main component is a single salt, which has an aromatic ring with one or several five-membered ring fused together, there are two aromatic ring with one or more five-membered ring fused together, compared to the rest of aliphatic hydrocarbons and oil equipment hydrocarbons sulfonated or oxide. Currently the main use sulfonation, there were three kinds of preparation: white oil production byproduct France? Sulfonated crude sulfonation method and the two-step method. (1) white oil production by-products method. In the production of white oil refining using sulfonation process, removal of aromatic hydrocarbons in the feedstock oil and other active ingredients, is the main product is a mineral oil and machine for pellets, in the water phase is mainly petroleum sulfonate. Such petroleum sulfonate average relative molecular mass between 400 and 580 for over sulfonate. Flooding EOR used as a surfactant required, the need for a certain degree of modification. (2) crude sulfonation. Generally having a boiling point of 210 ~ 500 ℃ reduction in second distillate as a raw material, the direct use of sulfur trioxide or fuming sulfuric acid sulfonation, and then the obtained alkali alkyl aryl sulphonates. The method of using the raw oil refining production petroleum sulfonate, its treatment process for the heavy - Distillation - hydrogenation - furfural refining - sulfonated - and in other procedures. The petroleum sulfonate prepared sulfonated crude product performance with different nature are very different. High aromatic content naphthenic crude oil, petroleum sulfonate production byproducts less easy to obtain with the formation of ultra-low interfacial tension of oil products; while paraffin base Pellet mill aromatics content, the production of by-products of petroleum sulfonate up to 60% , high production costs, in terms of economic and process by-products is limited. (3) two-step sulfonation. First, the Act of crude oil in the catalyst reacts with SO2 and Cl2, the crude oil alkane sulfonyl chloride generated, then SO3 sulfonation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the crude oil to generate sulfonated aryl sulfonates, obtained by NaOH. alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates. Advantage is that the entire fraction can generate oil sulfonates, sulfonated integrated conversion rate of 70% or more, reducing by-products, reducing costs. Petroleum sulfonates prepared above three method of standard products concentrate active matter content is generally 60% to 63%, about 35% of saturated hydrocarbons, about 2% to 5% moisture content. But it can be made up to 80% active matter content, and as 30% of the products used directly.

EOR surfactant preparation

Because EOR surfactant and additives are anionic sulfonate and Briquette machine, its enhanced oil recovery is most significant, so here focuses on EOR important anionic sulfonate and carboxylate synthesis and preparation. Sulfonation of the salt used in preparation of the sulfonating agent, concentrated sulfuric acid are used? Oleum? Trioxide and chlorosulfonic acid. For oil expeller industrial production, comprehensive comparisons to sulfur trioxide sulfonation process optimization, its versatility? Security? Applicability are better and lower cost. So sulfonate synthesis industry gained wide application and development.

EOR

Tertiary oil recovery (EOR) becomes a in a? Briquette machine after a major EOR technology, and a surfactant in EOR increasingly obvious importance, wherein the surfactant flooding and ASP flooding (ASP, namely alkaline - surfactant - polymer flooding) is the development potential of EOR technologies. This paper describes and summarizes the EOR surfactant preparation? machine for pellets Application characteristics and development prospects. Contents: 1 Introduction rational exploitation of oil resources has attracted great attention. As a conventional? Secondary recovery (POR and SOR) total oil rate is not high, generally only 20% to 40%, up to 50%, 50% to 80% of the oil recovery possible. Therefore, the growing tension in the energy case, enhanced oil recovery rate has become a major issue of oil exploration, EOR is a particularly effective method of enhanced oil recovery. Currently, research EOR surfactants and microbial enhanced oil recovery to get people's universal attention, and surfactant flooding is showing obvious advantages, which are used primarily driven fluid additive is a surfactant, surfactant flooding article discusses the Surface surfactant preparation? application characteristics and progress.

Reservoir deep profile technology

The technology was first put forward by the United States and large-scale commercial applications. Since the early 1970s, began using the polymer plugging, chemical machine for pellets and profiling technology has developed rapidly, has become a high water cut oil field water flooding effect to improve the dominant technology. Currently, for different reservoir profile control agent developed many types and plugging agent, for example, a polymer gel, particle type, precipitation, and microbial agents and foam and the like. In addition to the development of various types of blocking agent, but also on the water shutoff profile abroad mechanism of decision-making technology, Tracer monitoring technology, construction technology, oil expeller and implantation process is carried out a systematic study of the formation of a relatively complete water shutoff sectional supporting technology. China in recent years have done a lot of work, forming a series of technology, in the colloidal dispersion of solid particles in the gel and the gel has its own characteristics, but technically still a gap with foreign countries.

Microbial enhanced oil recovery technology

Microbial enhanced Oil processing is abroad in the 1980s developed a stimulation, has more than 100 oil fields in the world were tested, but not yet formed a large-scale application. Microbial enhanced oil recovery in two ways, one in oil injected microorganisms, for single-well stimulation; two injection wells is injected directly into the micro-organisms, with the injection of water reservoir for flooding. China has in Jilin, Food dehydrator, Xinjiang, Daqing oilfields for industrial application of microbial enhanced oil recovery site, have achieved good initial results.

Physical method extraction technology

 Physical methods include a variety of methods extraction technology. Former Soviet Union first proposed artificial earthquakes, oil refinery gas fracturing and ultrasonic methods. United States, Canada for some heavy heating method using electromagnetic waves. China since the 1980s, since the basis oil equipment from abroad, has launched a variety of physical methods of oil recovery methods and field trials, and some development of technology has begun to take shape.

Oil Chemical Flooding

Chemical flooding oilfield waterflood oil is applied to the first method consists of surfactant Food dehydrator, polymer flooding and alkaline flooding three. At present, the application of chemical flooding tends to polymer flooding or polymer + base + surfactant flooding (ASP), polymer flooding can increase oil recovery by about 10%, ASP flooding technology can improve recovery about 20%. Since the "Plan" beginning polymer technology research, it has been experienced pilot test phase, industrial test phase, and eventually developed into large-scale application stage, the current scale from oil expeller and application are in a leading position in our country. At present, China has been on the ASP flooding for a more in-depth research and site promotion, from technical measures and scale has reached the international advanced level.

Mining Oil and Gas Flooding

Gas drive technology can be divided miscible and immiscible gas drive gas drive are two components from the gas used on the drive can be divided into natural gas, CO2 flooding, N2 flooding etc. there are two common applications integrated. Since 1982, gas drive technology has been greatly developed. States in accordance with Food dehydrator situation focusing on the development of a particular area. If the United States due mainly marine reservoirs, oil density is light, easy to mixed phase, and CO2 has a very rich natural resources, so focus on developing CO2 miscible flooding technology, 2004 U.S. oil production was 31.79 gas drive barrels / d; Canada's oil and crude oil properties and reservoir conditions similar to the U.S., but the lack of CO2 resources, but rich in natural resources, focusing on the development of hydrocarbon miscible flooding technology. Non-hydrocarbon gas drive technology is the focus of future development. CO2 is a single well stimulation techniques to improve oil recovery effective method, field application proved that the technology has obvious effect of increasing oil has good application value. CO2 dissolved gas volume expansion of crude oil, reducing the viscosity of crude oil, with gas drive and plugging ability of the reservoir has a certain role in acidizing, CO2 can light hydrocarbons in crude oil extraction and Briquette machine, CO2 injection improved crude oil and water mobility ratio. Shengli Oilfield, Jiangsu Oilfield, and so have adopted for low-permeability reservoirs of CO2 flooding technology, and achieved good results, but compared with other countries, China in the gas drive technology there is a large gap.

Enhanced oil recovery techniques

EOR is a class of reservoir and reservoir fluids by improving the physical and chemical characteristics, enhanced oil recovery (EOR, Enhanced Oil Recovery) mining technology. Oil extraction Pellet mill can be divided into primary production, secondary and tertiary oil recovery. Primary production is the use of natural energy reservoir (ie pressure energy) carried out; secondary recovery is the use of certain technology to restore reservoir pressure for oil field development, common for water extraction; thereafter enhanced oil processing (EOR) techniques belong EOR. Currently, in addition to the Middle East, the world's major oil producing countries of the main oilfields have entered late stage of development.

Mining dilution

Mining dilution viscosity is about a certain amount of oil added to dilute heavy oil, the lower the viscosity.
Thermal recovery: the steam stimulation, a steam flooding, is to inject high pressure steam reservoir, heating oil in the oil, the oil expeller, the viscosity, increase the mobility of crude oil, to promote the flow of oil in the oil production wells. Another injection of steam for heating oil, steam becomes water flow stagnation replacement crude oil in the gap. Oil heated by steam injection, machine for pellets volatile components, hydrocarbon volume expansion will also push the flow of crude oil production wells.
Emulsion viscosity: Coming aqueous solution containing a surfactant mixed with heavy oil, and in the tubing and pump tubing formed on the surface hydrophilic wetting surface. Greatly reducing the resistance of the oil flow, the oil to function properly mined.

Simple process

Oil extraction methods are from the spray oil and mechanical oil, spray oil from underground Food dehydrator layer is due to the higher pressure, the pressure in their own right can make the crude oil gushing from the wellhead way. Mechanical oil pump is to use various types of crude oil from the well to draw, China's oil exploitation by mechanical oil-based. Different geological nature of the oil situation is different with different mechanical mining methods. On the viscosity of less than 50 mPa. Seconds, density less than 0.934 crude oil (called thin oil), usually with conventional mining. On the viscosity of greater than 50 mPa. Seconds, density greater than 0.934 crude oil (called heavy oil), usually with thermal recovery, which uses hot steam stimulation, mixed with light oil and heating oil recovery methods. Liaohe Oilfield, oil equipment is characteristic of the northern winter. Except for a few oil lubrication oil, most of the oil is heavy and extra-heavy oil, heavy crude oil components as much, viscosity and relative density, the crude oil under reservoir conditions hardly flow, can not use conventional methods to extract , to the production and the environment has brought a series of problems. We use oil thermal recovery, dilution, emulsion viscosity of mining.

Christmas Tree

Christmas Tree is flowing well and Food dehydrator wells used to extract oil wellhead. It is mainly used for hanging tubing string into the well, seal oil casing annular space, control and regulate oil production, to ensure operation, construction, taking oil casing pressure data, testing and cleaning wax and other daily production management. Has the following main functions: (1) supporting the well tubing hanging all the weight of the tubing string. (2) sealing the tubing, the annular space between the casing. (3) control and regulate the production of oil. (4) ensure that all underground operations. (5) can be admitted to oil pressure, casing pressure data and oil expeller, wax and other daily production management. Also known as the Christmas tree. In the oil (gas) test after completion of oil and gas wells, or when a flowing wells and oil wells apheresis when a wellhead control devices. It consists of tubing hanger and the many gates and three-or four-component, directly mounted on the casing head. Only one side of the tubing christmas tree, christmas tree, said wing; flowlines on both sides, said wings christmas tree. Christmas tree with glib (choke mouth), by replacing the different diameter nozzle to control the oil and gas production.

Exploitation of oil and gas engineering measures

For oil and gas exploration and production concentration, processing, transshipment, oil expeller and Sinotrans engineering facilities include: 1. Equipped with gas collection, processing, metering and power and compression equipment platform; 2. Storage facilities, including offshore oil reservoir , storage tanks and storage vessels; 3. submarine oil and Oil processing; 4. petroleum wharf Sinotrans, including single-point mooring system and conventional offshore jetty (there are two kinds of fixed and floating).

Offshore drilling for oil and gas exploration

Offshore drilling for oil and gas production wells and oil equipment measures mainly the following. An artificial island, and more for inshore shallow water, more economical. (2) Fixed mining oil and gas platforms in the form of a pile platforms (such as jacket platform), Sarasota platforms, gravity platforms (reinforced concrete gravity platform, reinforced concrete structure mixed gravity platform). 3 floating mining oil and gas platforms in the form of migration can be classified into platform (also known as the movable platform), such as jack-up rigs, machine for pellets platform and boat platform (ie drilling rigs); does not migrate floating platform, such as tension-type platform, articulated platform. 4 subsea devices: drill subsea wellhead approach will wellhead installed on the seabed, mining of oil and gas by pipeline directly to the onshore oil and gas facilities or enter the submarine set.

2013年7月24日星期三

Timber mill

Timber mill is a new kind of production flour produced before the Road ideal woodworking machinery and equipment. He can be wood, branches fork once processed into raw materials such as wood chips, with less investment, low energy consumption, high productivity, good economic returns, oil refinery and maintenance. The sawdust and wood grinder especially suitable for mushroom culture medium wood machining, mainly by shavings device, crushing device and fans. The apparatus of wood shavings wood after cutting small size, can be dried without further pulverization feed pulverizing means, pulverized product sawdust machine location from the fan to the aggregates.
Sawdust machine, wood sawdust machine, wood sawdust machine, chipping machine, wood grinder can process, machine for pellets, hardwood, Yang wood, fir, the original bamboo, because the structure is compact, small footprint, chipper good quality, low power consumption, and is suitable for mobile operation, widely used in particleboard and fiberboard production of small and medium enterprises preparation steps can also be used for the self-employed for production of wood products.
Wood flour machine is a kind of hammer mill, it is mainly the use of the chip and the air strike blade principle to be crushed material will be crushed. This equipment consists of crushing, grading, wind transport, unloading and removal of five parts, the abolition of the traditional screening process, the use of wind energy once into a powder. Machine performance than other similar products has been greatly improved.

Use of pellet mill

1, granulating machine is a rotary drum swing role, through the wire sieve material can be ground into a powder wet granules, also
It can be widely used as crushing has become a Food dehydrator pieces and particles purposes.
2, in the wet-chemical aspects as research into powder particles together after drying for compressed tablets, they can crush during storage
The clot, or in the chemical processing are caked in pieces, in the food processing industry as confectionery and sugar mixture and
Malt milk and other goods, in other industries, such as ceramics,
 Briquette machine, a shaped particle mixture.
3, it does not apply to semi-solid, liquid, pasty or wear purposes.

Granulating machine main structure

Granulating machine mainly by feeding, Briquette machine, granulating, transmission and lubrication system components. Their work is required moisture content of not more than 15% with the powder from the hopper into the feed auger, by adjusting the variable machine for pellets, to get the right material flow, and then into the mixer, stir and steam through the stirring rod mixed quenching and tempering, if you need to add molasses or fat, but also from the mixing tube joined together with the steam conditioning, fat added is generally not more than 3%, otherwise difficult to shape, powder quenched with temperatures up after 64 ~ 85 ℃ humidity of 14 ~ l 6%. Then through the chute through the optional suction device to remove iron powder mixed with iron impurities, and finally into the suppression chamber granulation.

Oil mill

Interpretation of the traditional method of processing oil place. Generally small oil refinery, the principle is to use stone, wood, metal and other equipment to oil in the oil squeezed out, also called physical squeeze, so pressed oil is currently the most safe, nutritious edible oil. In industrially developed in Ningbo, Zhejiang Fenghua has a remote town Dayan, Director Alaska oil mill village home, the village will annually planted rapeseed, through the cleaning, washing, cool sprinkle sun, oil expeller, crushing series of processes Finally squeeze fragrant rapeseed oil, the entire oil mill was filled with the aroma for the local villagers and city people eat, some people will have to drive into town Alaskan oil mill to buy oil, machine for pellets, rest assured. The remaining oil was drained called rapeseed oil cake, which is on a good natural organic fertilizer and feed, widely used in agricultural production. While another edible oil processing method called leaching, it was with a light gasoline or other liquid to soak out the compound, such as tea in general, it is not called oil mill matter, but industrial production, and this method is generally used by large enterprises.

Hydraulic oils

Hydraulic oils that peak hydraulic press for pressing sesame, lightweight and convenient, beneficial operation. The aircraft is descending through the
Pellet mill barrel of fuel directly into the crushing squeeze out the oil. With a process simple, fast, direct outflow of pure fragrance oils to leave no seepage. Especially suitable for sesame,machine for pellets, peanut and other areas of the users. The main parts of a piston sesame oil, hydraulic cylinders, columns, electric rings and automatic temperature control devices. Materials are made of high quality metal material, thereby enhancing the performance of the machine to ensure that the service life of components.

Heat oil machine

Heat the Briquette machine is conducting oil as a medium. He may also be called oil machine. Oil heaters, oil heaters, oil circulating temperature control unit. Heat oil equipment (super hot oil machine) details: 1, computer touch control, easy to understand. 2, the microcomputer dual PID temperature control table, touch type storage, automatic calculation. 3, safety protection and error indication system. 4, long life components. 5 liters of cooling speed, temperature accuracy and stability. 6, the unique design of the heating power, temperature control for different places to use, energy-saving effect is obvious. 7, one-piece stainless steel, pipe small donation, add cooked evenly. 8, boot automatic exhaust function. 9 can be controlled at room temperature is generally between -350 °.

Frying machine works

Frying machine works:
Power deceleration passed spindle mounted on the spindle of the pressing screw with the rotation, the thread between the oil expeller move forward, pressing the pressing chamber and gradually narrowing the space between the screw, oil density increases, thus increasing pressure gradually large. In the press process, because the machine is automatic force day heat, the automatic temperature control device, increase the body temperature of the host, thereby reducing the labor intensity, body wear, machine for pellets , energy saving, saving time, between the particles in the oil, oil and the friction between the parts, heat is generated. This constitutes a pressure oil extraction process, heat the two elements, the tissue damage fuel cell line from the oil processing, the cake from the cake and the cake head is pushed between the mouth. When spilled oil flows through the oil pan filter drums above, the vacuum pump air out of the barrel. Barrel formation of negative pressure, the oil through the filter cloth, being drawn into the barrel, while diesel will be isolated in the cloth top, then get is pure oil.

Definition of thin oil machine

Definition of thin oil machine
The Food dehydrator thin oil filling machine is a highly mobile oily liquids (eg 0 # lubricants for industrial use is a thin oil) butter machine. Because of grease used in highly mobile, machine oil ratio (pressure inside the barrel with a tubing pressure) is very low, only 1:1 to 5:1 pump pumps.
Applications
Workshop production line, oil change centers, steel mills. Shield machine, automobile manufacturing, Pellet mill, bearings, automatic assembly line, ship ports, shipbuilding, railways, steel, machinery, heavy machinery, car repair workshop, building decoration, food industry, printing, automotive engine manufacturers, plus heavy machinery lubrication Note, air conditioning compressor refrigeration oil assembly lines, lubricating oil and grease plant butter quantitative packing, gearbox assembly production lines, home appliances, power, petrochemical and other industries.

Centrifuge structural characteristics

1: Industrial oil expeller dewatering machine are three-foot overhang tilting structure, can avoid unbalanced load transfer within soy when in operation foot vibration.
2: Industrial centrifugal dewatering machine inner tube, shell materials are stainless steel, turn soy are stainless steel, cage chassis, the chassis are cast iron materials, the outlet pipe at the bottom of the chassis.
3: The spindle is made of high quality steel heat-treated finish.
4: The transmission part adopts triangular Briquette machine, driven directly by motor centrifugal starting wheel, allows the machine to start slowly and gradually achieve the design speed to ensure smooth operation of the machine.
5: The opening and closing of the machine with a brake arm, brake performance, enabling the machine to quickly stop.

Centrifuge Applications

Mainly used for a variety of spinning (needle) textiles, clothing, chemicals, latex products, such as spin-drying after washing, it is widely used in textile, printing and dyeing, oil equipment, hotels, hotels, hospitals, chemical, mechanical parts and latex products such as corporate institutions. Industries for a variety of metal parts by grinding, machining, oil washing, washing, cooling, liquid rust dip after dehydration (oils), suitable for hardware parts, electronic parts,oil expeller, aluminum scrap, copper scrap drying , dehydration, oil; and plating and grinding plants, metal lathe processing, metal fasteners plant and other plants.

Dehydration Precautions

(1) the strength of the type of absorbent fabric to separate dehydration.
(2) newly installed dewatering machine or a new connection wires oil expeller that the motor rotation direction is correct.
(3) due to a serious irregularity resulting fabric placed a strong vibration, immediately turn off the power switch, re-placing the fabric even after dehydration.
(4) machine for pellets fabric placed not overloaded. Especially in the off dry non-other articles of clothing category with particular attention.
(5) mechanical operation, can not reach into the dryer inside the cage area.

Industrial dewatering machine Main technical characteristics

Industrial dewatering machine Main technical characteristics:
Using three foot hanging structure, has good shock effect.
Food dehydrator the next round of structural axis, starts the liner gradually gradually accelerated, may overload the motor.
Main components imported high quality stainless steel, durable.
The liner balance correction, machine for pellets, safe and reliable.
Smooth braking, dehydration rate and easy operation.

Dewatering machine main components

The Oil processing of dewatering machine liner, liner four weeks cloth with holes, to be dehydrated clothing is placed in the interior. Motor is rotating at high speed through the belt drive liner. So have a great centrifugal force, the moisture so through the hole on the inner left out, is collected after the reunification of discharge. Generally, oil expeller, dewatering machine work two minutes drying effect is almost achieved and drying machine for 28 minute intervals to achieve the same effect, however, can not be completely dried clothes dryer. Therefore, one kind of approach saves time and energy is that for wet clothes before dewatering operations, finished off the water and then drying operation.

Dewatering machine performance

Is made of high quality stainless steel material, Briquette machine, stable operation, high dewatering rate, which SME301-150 large capacity dryer is quoted West German technology, made in accordance with international standards for domestic initiative, with large capacity, low energy consumption and other characteristics, a perfect shock, oil equipment, automatic and safe control system. Environmental health, the application of a new generation of environmentally friendly design, double purifying function, application photocatalyst materials and activated carbon adsorption sealed inner loop filter to ensure that staff health. More perfect power protection designed to automatically switch to battery power after work, but also has a battery feed detection and protection capabilities. With reset and automatically find the bit function. Samples from each cylinder, purification system that is synchronized start,Oil machine. The whole system using linear bearings positioning stepper motor with high performance, synchronous belt drive, making the running balance quality and reliable.
The most advanced protection design samples, regardless of any scenario, ensures protection of the basket can enter the cylinder, causing the air to eliminate hanging basket specimens dried possible.

Production Engineering

 Production engineering is the process of oil equipment targets under development through the production and injection wells for reservoir engineering and technical measures taken by the general term. It studies can be cost-effectively act on the reservoir to increase oil production and oil recovery measures in the various engineering theory, machine for pellets design methods and implementation technologies. Production Engineering's mission is to act on the reservoir through a series of engineering and technical measures to make oil and gas wells flows smoothly and efficiently be lifted to the ground for separation and measurement; their goal is to cost-effectively increase oil production and oil recovery.

Polymer Flooding

Pellet mill is an enhanced oil recovery method in the macro, it is mainly by increasing displacement fluid viscosity, reduce the displacement fluid and the displacement fluid mobility ratio, thereby expanding the swept volume; Food dehydrator, polymerization was due to their inherent viscoelasticity generated during the flow of the oil or oil droplets stretching effect, increasing the carrying ability, and improve the efficiency of the micro-wash oil.

Electrostatic hazards for oil storage and transportation

In the pipeline, a part of oil gathering equipment and Briquette machine of static electricity, the higher potential to the lower potential another without potential or dielectric between objects when a certain degree, oil expeller occurs between two things , a phenomenon known as electrostatic discharge. This discharge hydrocarbon concentration on larger place, easy to produce an explosion, fire. The danger and harm is great.

The heat treatment oil

Pellet mill heat treatment is heated to a certain temperature, then a certain way and speed cooled to a temperature of the process. After heat treatment, make crude paraffin, asphalt and glial changes in the existing form, so that the freezing point and viscosity of the oil change. In the preferred heat treatment conditions can be improved low temperature flow properties of Oil processing. 1995 annual output of 7.9 million tons of crude oil.

The characteristics of oil pipeline

Oil processing features are: transport capacity; energy consumption, low freight; easy to manage, easy to implement fully automated, high labor productivity; most of buried pipelines, subject to terrain limitations small, can shorten the transport distance; Food dehydrator , basically from harsh climate, long-term stable and safe operation; but not flexible mode of transport, steel consumption, and ancillary equipment and more suitable for fixed, large one-way transportation.

Oil separator

Oil separator is to produce crude oil and associated gas separated from a device. Sometimes, as a gas-water separator and sediment and other multiphase separation, buffering, metering purposes. From the appearance of general there are three forms, vertical, horizontal, spherical.
Pellet mill and gas metering refers to the oil and gas flow measurement. Mainly divided into external transmission oil production metering and flow measurement two kinds. oil processing measurement refers to the production of single well production of oil and gas measurement, it is carried out well managed, master reservoir dynamic critical information and data. External transmission measurement for oil and natural gas flow measurement, which is the output of oil and gas side and the receiving side the fundamental basis for the transfer of management.

2013年7月23日星期二

Oil and gas gathering

Scattered wells produced oil and associated gas, and other products together, after the necessary processing, primary processing, Pellet mill, respectively, qualified external input to refineries and natural gas customers craft whole process is called gas gathering and transportation. Including oil and gas separation,machine for pellets and gas metering, crude oil dehydration, natural gas purification, stabilization of crude oil, light hydrocarbon recovery and other technology.

Gas lift

Enough energy to supply the local level from the bottom of crude Pellet mill to the ground, well stop from the spray. In order to continue the oil wells need to artificially gas (natural gas) pressed into the bottom, so that oil spray ground, this oil is known as gas lift. Briquette machine oil exploration wells, inclined, sand, gas and corrosive ingredients which are more appropriate way of using other mechanical oil wells, gas lift can be used. The advantage of gas lift wells, downhole equipment is relatively simple, more convenient management regulation. Disadvantage is ground equipment system complexity, investment, energy and gas utilization is low.

Production Engineering

China's current and future will face permeability, heavy oil refinery and other difficult to develop ultra-high water cut stage reservoir, as well as a range of sea and desert oilfield exploitation issues. With the increase in oil exploration more difficult and technically demanding higher and higher, you must use modern scientific technology to transform traditional mining technology to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
A solution process of Food dehydrator technical problems, mechanical, chemical and physical and other various methods, which will involve the choice of technology and methods, and even integrated application problems.
In summary, production engineering is characterized by: the status of the entire mining process is very important; problems more difficult, involving a wide range; integrated intensity and targeted; various engineering and technical measures the relative strong independence.

Oil Overview

Production engineering is the process of oil exploration targets under development through the production and injection wells oil refinery engineering and technical measures taken by the general term. As a comprehensive application of discipline, it is the study of cost-effectively act on the reservoir to increase oil production and oil recovery measures in the various engineering theory, engineering design methods and implementation technologies.
Production Engineering's mission is to act on the reservoir through a series of engineering and technical measures to make oil and gas flow freely to wells, wells efficiently be lifted to the ground for separation and measurement; Its goal is to improve the well and cost-effectively oil recovery.
From the viewpoint of system engineering, Briquette machine is oil exploitation large systems at the center of an important subsystem, reservoir engineering and field gas gathering and transportation engineering are closely linked.
Production Engineering face is different geological conditions and the changing dynamics of various types of reservoirs, and only under the conditions and dynamics of reservoir geology, the right to choose and implement technically feasible and economically reasonable engineering solution in order to obtain good economic results. To do this, they must master a variety of engineering and technical measures to the basic principles of computing and engineering design method, based on a comprehensive comparative analysis.

nergy Production Systems

Wells in the mining process, the oil situation may change at any time, while the C2000 converter can be built-in PLC function oil equipment detects the motor output situation, through the inverter output frequency internal op reasonable adjustments or torque, and according to the oil refineries volume indicator, timed by the oil workers themselves or change the output frequency to meet the manual and automatic control of the combo features, not only saves energy, but also saves manpower, praised by users.
Crude oil dehydration
Taken out of the oil from the well generally contain a certain amount of water, and oil storage water will result in more waste, increase equipment, multi-energy; machine for pellets salt water in the most accelerated equipment, containers and pipelines corrosion; in the petroleum refining process, the water and oil are heated together, the water will rapidly vaporize expansion, the pressure increased, affecting the normal refinery operations and product quality, or even explode. Accordingly, an external transmission oil required before dehydrated to a moisture content of not more than 0.5% requirement.

Inverter braking state

When the control system will send a stop command, C2000 drive first through the PLC function to invert oil equipment (torque sensing the approach of timed constant braking or braking) in order to prevent the stored elastic energy sucker and tubing inner space hydrostatic role reversal led to sucker speed and have serious consequences.
Delta C2000 Food dehydrator a braking mode, screw torque reversal under controlled conditions to obtain a slow release.
Drive in reverse when the relevant data (such as running time, current change values, etc.) via the inverter unused parameter entry to enter

Direct drive screw pump control principle

Direct drive screw pumping door panel to operate in the frequency, frequency conversion control cabinet oil equipment start, stop, fault reset button, and running lights and adjust the motor speed potentiometer knob (Figure 3), in the field for frequency counters in real time operation.
Direct drive screw pump operation can be divided into forward running, inverter braking state and dynamic braking state.
Direct drive screw reversal characteristics
Screw driving force in the loss or downtime inversion problem exists, causing screw reversal generally two reasons: one is in the screw pump work, drive motor torque rod to pass through nearly 1000 meters to the pump , sucker inevitably produce elastic deformation and a twist angle, thus storing elastic energy when the drive motor is not driving torque, the rod will drive the opposite direction to reverse the mechanical system; another drive system is shut down, the Oil processing level difference exists, nearly 1000 meters of oil by gravity from the tubing down, the pressure level generated by the rotor screw pump will reverse.
Screw reversal may cause tripping poles, light pole bending rejection, ground drives damaged parts, may also jeopardize the safety of the operator, so reasonable solution to the inverse problem of direct drive screw is particularly important.

Wood pellet machine with direct drive screw raw material sources reversal characteristics

Wood pellet machine raw material sources
Biomass particles very wide source of raw Food dehydrator, wood processing and the production of wood-based panels produced sawdust, wood shavings, bark, sanding dust, waste wood, wood branches; crop harvest produce all kinds of straw; other types may combustion of biomass as raw material, without adding any adhesive, through equipment processing, biomass pellet fuel can be manufactured.
Direct drive screw reversal characteristics
Screw driving force in the loss or downtime inversion problem exists, causing screw reversal generally two reasons: one is in the screw pump work, drive motor torque rod to pass through nearly 1000 meters to the pump , sucker inevitably produce elastic oil processing and a twist angle, thus storing elastic energy when the drive motor is not driving torque, the rod will drive the opposite direction to reverse the mechanical system; another drive system is shut down, the oil casing level difference exists, nearly 1000 meters of oil by gravity from the tubing down, the pressure level generated by the rotor screw pump will reverse.
Screw reversal may cause tripping poles, light pole bending rejection, ground drives damaged parts, may also jeopardize the safety of the operator, so reasonable solution to the inverse problem of direct drive screw is particularly important.

Wood pellet machine Products

A new generation of wood Pellet mill can produce a variety of wood chips, straw, chaff and other raw materials-based biomass particles;
Second, the use of cold molding, extrusion molding and other molding techniques, grease polishing process so that biomass particles integer beautiful appearance, compact structure.
Third, a new generation of Food dehydrator high output, low energy consumption, low noise, low failure, fatigue resistance machines, continuous production, economic and durable;
Fourth, the machine uses a special high-quality materials and advanced coupling gear, plus the key components of high quality alloy steel wear-resistant materials, the use of a vacuum furnace heat treatment in Germany, 5-7 times longer life.

Advantages of wood pellet machine

One advantage: high-precision involute helical gear direct drive transmission efficiency up to 98% or more.
Advantage two: water transmission gear blanks normalizing heat treatment after forging, improved tooth surface Pellet mill; tooth surface using carburizing, carburizing layer depth of 2.4mm enhanced wear resistance and prolong component life; hard tooth silent edge surface by grinding repair process, quieter operation, more stable.
Three advantages: Siamese hollow shaft spindle and alloy steel imported from Germany by the water forging, roughing, heat treatment, finishing and fine grinding processing, reasonable structure, uniform hardness improves fatigue resistance and wear parts for provide a more reliable guarantee safe operation.
Four advantages: Host box is made using high-quality steel casting, uniform thickness, compact structure; imported from Switzerland and then carefully processed CNC machining centers, precision zero error. For normal operation to provide more effective support.
Five advantages: transmission parts used in bearings and Oil processing are imported from Japan and the United States imported high-precision bearing temperature resistant Viton seals, and especially the addition of lubricating oil return system, oil cooling, automatic timing to the oil lubrication. Make sure bearings are adequately lubricated, run more safe and reliable.
Advantage Six: particles forming bearings are used in the system with a high-quality silent bearings, and increase lean oil circulation cooling and lubrication systems, Briquette machine, run more safely.
Advantages seven: ring mold using high nickel grade stainless steel precision manufacturing, unique design and reasonable compression ratio, so that product quality better, longer life ring mold, to minimize production costs.
Advantages eight: a new generation of biomass wood pellet mill is renowned by the famous American designer, senior research and design, specifically for wood pellet. Company has its own production base, the ring die pellet mill 450 # biomass plant experienced a hundred times in the test demonstration, and ultimately determine the most stable, most reliable, most efficient, safest and most economical models, devices can be realized 24 hours continuous operation.